International Journal of Microbiology and Immunology Research Vol. 2(6), pp. 092-100, October 2014 ISSN 2327-7769 ©2014 Academe Research Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of Tuberculosis spp. species in bovine carcasses in two slaughterhouses of Burkina Faso

Zékiba Tarnagda^1,2*, Estelle Kanyala¹, Dezemon Zingué³, Satigui Sidibé^1,4, Issaka Yougbaré⁵, Thérèse Kagoné³ Nicolas Méda³, Lassana Sangaré¹, Yassa Djankadi¹, Mamadou Sawadogo¹ and Hélène Carabin⁶

¹WA Master FELTP, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

²Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

³Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

⁴Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Bamako, Mali.

⁵St. Michael's Hospital LKSKI - Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto Canada.

⁶Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: zekiba@hotmail.com. Tel: (00226) 20 98 18 80, (00226) 70 25 74 38.

ABBREVIATIONS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, MTBC; nontuberculous mycobacteria, NTM; Lowenstein Jensen, LJ.

Accepted 30 September, 2014

Abstract

The current prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is unknown in Burkina Faso. Effort in controlling this zoonosis is widely based on macroscopic meat inspection at slaughterhouses, while confirmatory laboratory-based diagnostic tests are rarely used. This study aimed at identifying BTB lesions and isolating tuberculosis (TB) strains in bovine carcasses inspected at the two main slaughterhouses of the country. Sample of lymph nodes and other organs were collected from suspected carcasses in two slaughterhouses located in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso and cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen medium for isolation. From 1499 inspected carcasses, 102 (73 female and 29 male bovines) had suspicious BTB lesions, representing a prevalence of 6.8% (95% CI, 5.6%-8.2%). The 102 carcasses showed 208 tubercular lesions, of which over 92.2% were found in the lymph nodes or organs, while 7.8% of lesions were generalized into the entire carcass. Mycobacteria were isolated in 48.0% (49/102) of the carcasses. The biochemical testing showed 31/49 (62.2%) strains from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and 18/49 (36.7%) strains which belonged to non tuberculous mycobacteria. Among the strains of MTBC, 26/31 (83.8%) strains were Mycobacterium bovis, 3/31 (9.6%) strains were Mycobacterium africanum and 2/31 (6.4%) strains were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BTB represents an emerging infectious disease for both human and domestic animal in our country.

Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, slaughterhouse inspections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, nontuberculous mycobacteria, emerging zoonosis, Burkina Faso.