International Journal of Microbiology and Immunology Research Vol. 2(7), pp. 101-108, November 2014 ISSN 2327-7769 ©2014 Academe Research Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Outbreak of dengue fever in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2013

Zékiba Tarnagda¹*, Malika Congo², Tani Sagna¹, Casimir Ouédraogo², Vincent Nikiéma³, Assana Cissé¹, Moumouni Armel Sanou¹, Abdoulrasmané Ouédraogo², Jean Bosco Ouédraogo¹ and Lassana Sangaré²

¹Unité des Maladies à potentiel épidémique, maladies émergentes et zoonoses (UMEMEZ), Centre National de Référence pour la Grippe (CNRG), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

³Clinique Médicale des Opportunités (CMO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: zekiba@hotmail.com. Tel: (00226) 20 98 18 80; (00226) 70 25 74 38.

ABBREVIATIONS: Dengue fever, DF; Dengue virus, DENV.

Accepted 3 November, 2014

Abstract

From October 18 to November 8, 2013, two medical centers in the central region of Burkina Faso, received 43 patients with atypical symptoms evoking Dengue Fever (DF). A total of 43 available sera were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue virus (DENV), using rapid tests of SD BIOLINE Dengue IgG/IgM (SD Standard Diagnostics, Korea) at the Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory of the Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO) in Ouagadougou. The molecular detection of DENV was performed at the Influenza National Reference Laboratory of Burkina Faso, using CDC DENV-1-4 Real-Time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) reagents, primers and protocols. Seven of 43 sera (16.3%) were positive for IgM/IgG, while 21/43 (48.8%) sera were positive by rRT-PCR. DENV 3 subtype was identified in all positive specimens. The rapid test had a good specificity (95.4%), but a very low sensitivity (28.5%) in comparison to rRT-PCR testing. Except a missing age for one patient and one 17-years old patient, the other 19/21 (90.4%) dengue confirmed cases were from adult patients over 20 years. Our results identified DENV 3 subtype as the etiologic agent of occurred outbreak in Ouagadougou in 2013 and indicated the essential contribution of rRT-PCR for DF detection.

Key words: Dengue fever, outbreak, serologic diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, Burkina Faso.